The Pequot War and King Philip’s War — Cloze Reading (Levels 1–3)

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Level 1 — Word Bank

Pequot Wampanoag colonists Connecticut fighting land trade towns war peace

In New England, two major conflicts involved Native peoples and English . The War began near as disputes and competition for increased . Later, King Philip’s involved the and spread to many English , shattering hopes for long-lasting .

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Level 2 — Word Bank

allies militia settlers raids fort treaties retaliation captives Metacom casualties

During the Pequot War, English and their Native attacked a powerful Pequot and carried out deadly assaults. Colonial groups organized quickly, and cycles of grew worse after on frontier communities. Many people became , and the conflicts produced heavy . In King Philip’s War, the Wampanoag leader led resistance, and broken helped drive the violence.

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Level 3 — Word Bank

sovereignty expansion frontier displacement confederation negotiation devastation economy aftermath memory

Both wars were shaped by struggles over and colonial into Native homelands. As settlements pushed into the , many Native communities faced and pressure to form a for survival. Attempts at often failed, leading to widespread that damaged families, farms, and the regional . In the , New England was permanently changed, and the wars still shape public of early American history.

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