Early Inhabitants and Statehood

Indiana, located in the mid-west region of the United States, has a rich and diverse history that dates back to the arrival of Native American tribes thousands of years ago. In the late 1700s, European settlers began to arrive in the area, and by 1816, Indiana was granted statehood as the 19th state in the United States.

Crossroads of the Frontier

The state's early history was shaped by its position as a crossroads for westward expansion and the growth of the American frontier. Indiana played a significant role in the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses used by escaped slaves to reach freedom in the North or Canada. The state was also a major producer of grain and livestock, and played a key role in the development of the country's transportation network, with the construction of the National Road, the Wabash and Erie Canal, and later the railroad system. In 1842, the University of Notre Dame was founded in South Bend. It would eventually become one of the nation's iconic college football programs.

The Civil War and Aftermath

During the Civil War, Indiana was a strong supporter of the Union cause, and over 100,000 Indiana men served in the Union army. After the war, the state continued to grow and prosper, with the rise of heavy industry, particularly in the cities of Gary and South Bend. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Indiana also became known for its strong progressive movement, including efforts to improve working conditions and promote social justice.

20th Century and Modern Developments

In the 20th century, Indiana experienced significant changes, including the growth of the automobile industry and the expansion of the suburban population. In recent decades, Indiana has emerged as a major center for advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, and other cutting-edge industries.

Discussion Questions

1. Why was Indiana's geographic location important to its development?
2. How did Indiana contribute to the Underground Railroad?
3. What role did Indiana play during the Civil War?
4. How has Indiana's economy evolved from the 19th century to the present?

Glossary

• Statehood – The status of being officially recognized as a U.S. state.
• Underground Railroad – A secret system of routes and safe houses that helped enslaved people escape to freedom.
• National Road – One of the first major improved highways in the U.S. built to promote westward expansion.
• Progressive Movement – A reform movement in the late 1800s and early 1900s aiming to improve society and politics.
• Biotechnology – Technology based on biology, often used in medicine, agriculture, and industry.