Southern Colonies
Climate & Geography: The Southern Colonies had hot summers, mild winters, and the longest growing season. Fertile soil supported large-scale farming, though warm weather encouraged diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.Religion: Many settlers were Anglican. Maryland was founded as a refuge for English Catholics. Religion generally had less influence on daily community life because plantations were spread far apart.
Economy: The economy was based on farming and cash crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, and sugarcane. Large plantations relied on enslaved people and indentured servants for labor.
Mid-Atlantic Colonies
Climate & Geography: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies had a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. Fertile land and good harbors supported farming and shipping. They were called the “breadbasket” colonies because they produced large amounts of grain.Religion: Religion was diverse. Religious tolerance attracted immigrants from many places, including Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, and Presbyterians.
Economy: The economy was diverse: agriculture, trade, logging, shipbuilding, crafts, and small industries. Cities like New York and Philadelphia became important shipping and trading centers.
New England Colonies
Climate & Geography: New England had long, cold winters and mild summers. The soil was often rocky, making farming difficult. Cold winters also reduced the spread of some diseases.Religion: Puritans dominated society and enforced strict rules. Church attendance was expected, and some celebrations and holidays were restricted.
Economy: Many colonists depended on the ocean. Fishing, shipbuilding, whaling, and trade were important. Some merchants later participated in the triangular trade.
| Statement | New England | Mid-Atlantic | Southern |
|---|---|---|---|
| Long growing seasons and fertile soil supported major cash crops. | |||
| Known as the “breadbasket” because large amounts of grain were produced. | |||
| Rocky soil and a colder climate made farming more difficult. | |||
| Religious diversity was common, and tolerance attracted many immigrant groups. | |||
| Large plantations relied heavily on enslaved labor. | |||
| Fishing and shipbuilding were key parts of the economy. | |||
| Big port cities developed as major shipping and trade centers. | |||
| Hot summers helped spread diseases like malaria and yellow fever. | |||
| Puritan ideas strongly shaped laws and daily life. | |||
| A mix of farming and skilled trades helped create a diverse economy. | |||
| Agriculture was the main economic activity, especially on large farms. | |||
| Cold winters reduced the spread of some diseases. | |||
| Fertile land and good harbors supported both agriculture and shipping. | |||
| Religion often had less influence on community life because homes were spread far apart. | |||
| Many communities were centered around churches and strict religious expectations. | |||
| Quakers were one of several important religious groups in the region. |