2. Why do historians call this movement of plants, animals, and people an “exchange”?

1. Because only the Americas sent crops and animals to Europe, while nothing ever traveled in the other direction.
2. Because items and living things moved in both directions between the Old World and the New World over many years.
3. Because people traded only gold and silver coins and never shared food or technology across the ocean.
4. Because Columbus made a promise to exchange his ships for land and then returned to Europe at once.

3. Which example shows a product that originally came from the Americas and spread to the Old World through the Columbian Exchange?

1. Potatoes grown in the Andes that later became common in parts of Europe like Ireland.
2. Horses raised in Spain that were brought by Europeans to the Great Plains of North America.
3. Wheat grown for centuries in Europe that was later planted in fields in the Americas.
4. Sugarcane first grown in Asia that was carried by traders to islands in the Caribbean Sea.

4. According to the passage, what was one major effect of European diseases on Native American communities?

1. Native Americans quickly became stronger and more resistant than people in Europe and Asia to every illness mentioned.
2. Native Americans chose to stay away from European trade goods so they would never catch any new diseases at all.
3. Native Americans were able to control most epidemics by using vaccines that had already been invented in the Americas.
4. Native Americans suffered huge population losses from illnesses like smallpox, making it easier for European powers to conquer their lands.

5. How did the Columbian Exchange affect diets and populations outside the Americas?

1. It caused people in Europe, Africa, and Asia to stop eating traditional foods and survive only on sugar and coffee from the Americas.
2. It forced all farmers in Europe and Asia to grow just one crop, which led to immediate food shortages everywhere.
3. It introduced American crops like potatoes and corn, which added variety to meals and sometimes helped populations grow during hard times.
4. It made it impossible for people outside the Americas to taste or grow any new foods for hundreds of years.

6. How was the Atlantic slave trade connected to the Columbian Exchange, according to the passage?

1. Enslaved Africans traveled willingly to teach Europeans how to plant native American crops and then returned home after each harvest.
2. Enslaved Africans were forced across the Atlantic to work on plantations that produced goods like sugar and tobacco for global trade.
3. Enslaved Africans were the only group that chose not to participate in any part of the Columbian Exchange at all.
4. Enslaved Africans were used only on small family farms in Europe and never worked in the Americas or on plantations.

7. Which statement best describes the overall view of the Columbian Exchange in the 800L passage?

1. It created powerful new connections and food supplies but also spread disease, conquest, and slavery that harmed many people.
2. It was a completely positive event that made life better for every group involved in the exchange.
3. It was a small, local event that affected only a few islands in the Caribbean and then ended quickly.
4. It was an experiment that failed to change either the environment or trade in any part of the world.

2. Why did American crops like potatoes and corn have such a powerful effect in parts of Europe and Africa?

1. They were the only plants that Europeans and Africans were willing to grow, so all other crops disappeared completely.
2. They could grow in different soils and climates, helping people survive hard times and sometimes allowing populations to increase.
3. They stayed rare and expensive, so only a few rulers ever tasted them in special holiday meals.
4. They replaced fresh food with dried spices, ending the need for local farms and gardens altogether.

3. Which quotation from the passage best explains why diseases from the Old World were so deadly in the Americas?

1. “In the Americas, however, these diseases were new. Native populations had no immunity, so outbreaks were devastating.”
2. “Cattle and sheep remade landscapes as they grazed on grasslands that had once been home to wild animals alone.”
3. “Horses transformed the lives of many Native peoples on the Great Plains, making it easier to hunt bison and travel long distances.”
4. “In places like Ireland and Russia, potatoes became staple foods that helped support larger populations.”

4. According to the 1000L passage, how did the Columbian Exchange change the way people used land and the environment?

1. It forced all farmers to stop growing crops so that forests and grasslands could return to their original, untouched condition.
2. It required every country to plant exactly the same crops in the same amounts, making all landscapes look identical.
3. It led governments to ban animals like cattle and horses because they could damage grasslands and riverbanks.
4. It introduced new plants and animals that sometimes supported larger populations but also pushed out native species and exhausted soil through monoculture farming.

5. What does the passage suggest about the role of enslaved Africans in the new Atlantic world created by the Columbian Exchange?

1. They were paid fairly for their work and soon gained equal political power with European colonists in the Americas.
2. They chose to migrate to the Americas in small groups, mainly to study new crops and then return to Africa.
3. They were forced into a massive, violent system of labor that enriched European merchants and helped build new racial hierarchies in American societies.
4. They stayed completely outside the Columbian Exchange and had no connection to the new global trade routes at all.

6. Which idea from the passage best shows that the Columbian Exchange created both winners and losers?

1. “Cattle and sheep remade landscapes as they grazed on grasslands that had once been home to wild animals alone.”
2. “The same ocean routes that carried potatoes and horses also carried smallpox and slave ships.”
3. “Horses transformed the lives of many Native peoples on the Great Plains, making it easier to hunt bison and travel long distances.”
4. “In places like Ireland and Russia, potatoes became staple foods that helped support larger populations.”

7. Based on the 1000L passage, which statement best describes how the Columbian Exchange affects the way we understand the modern world?

1. It shows that today’s global trade and travel have no real connection to events that took place more than five hundred years ago.
2. It proves that only European countries shaped world history, while Africa and the Americas stayed isolated and unchanged.
3. It reminds us that many foods, animals, and even inequalities we see today grew out of exchanges, diseases, and forced migrations that began after 1492.
4. It suggests that the Columbian Exchange affected only local farms and had no impact on cities, trade routes, or governments.