Marco Polo: History and How-To
On hot summer days, many swimmers play a splashing game called Marco Polo. The game is usually played in a pool. One player is “It.” That player closes their eyes and calls out, “Marco!” The other players must answer, “Polo!” Using only the sound of their voices and the splashes in the water, the player who is It swims toward the others and tries to tag someone.
No one knows exactly who invented Marco Polo, but the game became popular in American pools in the 1900s. Some people tell a story that it is named after the real explorer Marco Polo, who traveled to Asia. A myth says he went blind and had to search by listening. Historians do not have proof of that story, but the idea of searching with closed eyes fits the game.
To play safely, swimmers should follow a few rules. Players must keep their eyes closed if they are It, but they should not run or dive in the shallow end. Many pools add a “no pushing” rule, and a lifeguard or adult should always be nearby. When everyone follows the rules, Marco Polo is a fun way to practice listening, moving through the water, and working together with friends.
Marco Polo: From Pool Myth to Modern Game
Shouts of “Marco!” and “Polo!” echo across countless swimming pools each summer. To a new visitor, the game might look simple: one player closes their eyes, calls “Marco,” and tries to find friends who answer “Polo.” Yet behind this playful call-and-response is a mix of legend, history, and practical rules that have turned Marco Polo into a classic pool game.
Like many playground and party games, Marco Polo does not have a single inventor we can point to. The game likely developed in the mid-1900s, when more families gained access to community pools and backyard swimming. The name connects it to Marco Polo, the Venetian traveler who journeyed to China in the 1200s. A popular story claims that the explorer went blind and had to navigate by sound alone. Historians have found no evidence that this really happened, but the myth stuck because it matches how the game feels: one “explorer” searches through an unknown space using only ears and memory.
In most versions, one player is “It” and must keep their eyes closed in the water. They call “Marco,” and everyone else must answer “Polo,” revealing their locations for a moment. The seeker listens for voices, splashes, or waves and swims toward the sound, trying to tag someone. To prevent hiding on the edge, many groups add a “fish out of water” rule: if the person who is It quickly opens their eyes and spots someone out of the pool, that player becomes It instead. Other variations add time limits, boundaries, or an agreement to switch roles even if tagging is difficult.
Because Marco Polo is played in water, safety rules matter as much as the game’s story. Players should agree on no diving in shallow areas, no rough pushing or dragging, and clear pool edges so the person who is It does not crash into ladders or steps. A lifeguard or adult should supervise, especially with younger swimmers. When the group respects these limits, Marco Polo becomes more than a noisy pool game. It turns into a lesson in trust, listening, and fair play—one swimmer at a time searching through blue “unknown” waters and laughing when the chase begins again.