Florida’s Early Exploration and Naming

Florida, located in the southeastern United States, has a deep and diverse history that began in 1513 when Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León arrived. The name “Florida” comes from Spain’s Easter celebration, Pascua Florida, meaning “Feast of Flowers.”

Juan Ponce de Leon

Spanish and British Rule

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Florida was under Spanish control, and they built missions and forts, including St. Augustine in 1565, the first permanent European settlement in the New World. In 1763, Spain ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for Havana, Cuba. During this period, the region became a hub for pirates and smugglers.

Early map of the peninsula of Florida

Florida Joins the United States

Britain returned Florida to Spain in 1783, but the U.S. acquired it in 1821 through the Adams-Onís Treaty. Florida became the 27th state in 1845. During the Civil War, it joined the Confederacy, and its ports were used for military operations against Union forces.

Growth and Development

After the Civil War, Florida expanded rapidly thanks to railroads, which attracted tourists and investors. The early 20th century saw a real estate boom as coastal resorts were built. Later, major attractions like Disney World and Universal Studios made Florida a top tourist destination.

Modern Florida

Today, Florida is one of the fastest-growing states, known for its tourism industry, diverse population, and vibrant cities such as Miami and Orlando. The state continues to face challenges, including hurricanes and environmental issues, yet remains an important cultural and economic hub.

Discussion Questions

1. Why did Spain originally name the region Florida?
2. How did Florida’s control shift between countries before becoming part of the U.S.?
3. What role did railroads play in Florida’s development?
4. What factors have contributed to Florida’s popularity as a tourist destination?

Glossary

• Pascua Florida: Spanish for “Feast of Flowers,” the origin of Florida’s name.
• Adams-Onís Treaty: The 1821 agreement that transferred Florida from Spain to the U.S.
• Confederacy: The group of Southern states, including Florida, that seceded during the Civil War.
• Real Estate Boom: A period of rapid property development and sales, especially in the early 20th century in Florida.

Florida History Timeline

• 1513 – Juan Ponce de León lands in Florida.
• 1565 – St. Augustine founded by Spain (first permanent European settlement).
• 1763 – Spain cedes Florida to Britain.
• 1783 – Britain returns Florida to Spain.
• 1821 – Florida acquired by the U.S. via Adams-Onís Treaty.
• 1845 – Florida becomes the 27th U.S. state.
• 1861–1865 – Florida joins the Confederacy during the Civil War.
• 1865–1877 – Reconstruction and economic recovery.
• 1880s – Railroads expand into Florida, boosting tourism and growth.
• 1920s – Major real estate boom along Florida’s coast.
• 1971 – Walt Disney World opens in Orlando.
• 1992 – Hurricane Andrew devastates parts of Florida.
• 2000 – Florida plays a key role in the U.S. presidential election recount.
• Present – Florida remains a leading tourist and retirement destination.