Nebraska is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is known for its expansive prairies, rolling hills, and vibrant culture. The history of Nebraska is a story of exploration, settlement, and growth. From the early Native American tribes to the arrival of European explorers, the state has seen its fair share of transformation and progress.

Early Native American History

The earliest inhabitants of Nebraska were various Native American tribes. These included the Pawnee, Omaha, Otoe, Ponca, and several others. These tribes lived off the land, hunting buffalo and other game, and growing crops like corn, beans, and squash. They built their homes using materials found in the environment, including grasses, bark, and sod.

European Exploration and Settlement

The first European to explore Nebraska was the French explorer Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who arrived in the area in 1724. During the 1800s, Nebraska became a part of the United States, and settlers began to move into the area. The Homestead Act of 1862 provided land for people to settle in Nebraska, which led to a population boom.

Statehood and Growth

Nebraska became a state on March 1, 1867, becoming the 37th state in the Union. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Nebraska experienced significant growth, with the railroad industry playing a significant role. The state became a major center for agriculture, with crops like corn, wheat, and soybeans becoming the backbone of the state's economy.

In the 20th century, Nebraska continued to grow and develop, with the population reaching two million by the year 2000. The state has played an important role in the development of aviation, with the Wright Brothers making their first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, but then selecting a location outside of Omaha for a flight school to train pilots. During World War II, the state was home to several military bases, and it has continued to play a significant role in national defense.

Modern Times

Today, Nebraska is a vibrant state with a diverse economy, including industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. The state is also home to several major universities, including the University of Nebraska and Creighton University. Nebraska is known for its outdoor recreational opportunities, including hunting, fishing, and camping. The state also boasts several unique cultural attractions, including the world-famous Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium and the annual College World Series of baseball.

Nebraska Farm

Discussion Questions

1. Which Native American tribes first lived in Nebraska, and how did they survive?
2. How did the Homestead Act help Nebraska grow?
3. What impact did the railroads have on Nebraska’s economy?
4. Why is Nebraska important in both agriculture and national defense?

Glossary

• Homestead Act – A U.S. law passed in 1862 that gave free land to people willing to live and farm on it.
• Prairie – A large, open area of grassland, especially in the central U.S.
• Railroad – A system of tracks and trains used to transport people and goods across the country.
• Wright Brothers – Inventors of the first successful airplane; they helped train pilots near Omaha, Nebraska.