Vermont’s Early Inhabitants and European Exploration

The area now known as Vermont was first inhabited by the Abenaki people. In the early 1600s, French explorers arrived and named the region "Vert Mont," meaning "Green Mountain," which later became Vermont.

Colonial Settlement and Independence

English and Scottish colonists settled the area in the early 18th century, with the first permanent settlement in Brattleboro in 1724. Originally part of New Hampshire, Vermont declared itself an independent republic in 1777.

Role in the American Revolution

Vermont supplied food and goods to the Continental Army. Its constitution was groundbreaking, calling for the abolition of slavery and rejecting religious requirements for citizenship.

Depiction of the Battle of Bennington (1777), which took place near the New York/Vermont border.

19th Century Economy

Agriculture and manufacturing drove Vermont’s economy. The state became well known for dairy and sheep farming, supported by its water resources and mills.

20th Century Transition

As manufacturing declined, Vermont’s economy shifted toward tourism and recreation. Visitors were drawn to its scenic mountains, forests, and ski resorts.

Discussion Questions

1. How did Vermont’s geography influence its economy in the 19th and 20th centuries?
2. Why was Vermont’s constitution considered progressive for its time?
3. What role did Vermont play in supporting the Continental Army during the American Revolution?
4. How did Vermont transition from a manufacturing-based economy to one centered on tourism?

Glossary

• Abenaki: A Native American tribe originally inhabiting the Vermont region.
• Vert Mont: French for "Green Mountain," the origin of Vermont’s name.
• Independent republic: A self-governing state not part of another nation or colony.
• Continental Army: The military force established by the American colonies during the Revolution.
• Abolition: The act of ending or banning slavery.

Timeline of Vermont History

• 1609 – French explorer Samuel de Champlain explores the region.
• 1724 – First permanent European settlement established in Brattleboro.
• 1740s – Conflicts between French, British, and Native Americans intensify in the region.
• 1763 – Treaty of Paris ends French control in North America; Vermont under British influence.
• 1770s – Land disputes erupt between New York and New Hampshire settlers.
• 1777 – Vermont declares independence as the Vermont Republic.
• 1777 – Vermont constitution bans slavery, a first in North America.
• 1781 – Vermont supplies goods and resources to Continental forces during the Revolution.
• 1791 – Vermont admitted as the 14th U.S. state.
• 1800s – Rise of sheep and dairy farming; manufacturing begins to grow.
• 1820s–1850s – Mills and factories expand along rivers.
• 1860s – Vermonters serve in large numbers during the Civil War.
• 1900s – Manufacturing declines, while tourism and recreation grow.
• 1950s – Vermont ski resorts become major destinations.
• Present – Vermont known for natural beauty, dairy products, and outdoor recreation.