Colonial Beginnings

Pennsylvania is located in the Northeastern region of the United States. Its history traces back to the 1600s when Swedish and Dutch settlers arrived. In 1681, William Penn, an English Quaker, obtained a land grant from King Charles II and established Pennsylvania, named to honor his father. The colony became a sanctuary for religious minorities such as Quakers, Baptists, and German Pietists, earning a reputation for religious tolerance and freedom.

Role in the American Revolution

Pennsylvania played a pivotal role in the struggle for independence. Philadelphia, the largest city, hosted the drafting of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. The city was also the home of Benjamin Franklin, a key founding father, inventor, and diplomat.

Benjamin Franklin is honored on the United States $100 Bill

Pennsylvania and the Civil War

During the Civil War, Pennsylvania was a Union state and a critical supply center for the North. The state was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863, a major turning point in the war and one of the bloodiest battles in American history. Pennsylvania also provided thousands of soldiers and significant industrial resources to the Union effort.

Pickett's Charge on the last day of fighting at Gettysburg - NPS.gov video

Industrial Growth

After the Revolution, Pennsylvania grew into an economic powerhouse. Pittsburgh and Harrisburg emerged as centers for steel production and transportation. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the state expanded into manufacturing textiles, clothing, and machinery.

20th Century and Modern Economy

Pennsylvania was vital during both World Wars, producing weapons and supplying troops. In the second half of the 20th century, the economy transitioned from heavy industry to services and technology, keeping Pennsylvania a major contributor to the U.S. economy.

Discussion Questions

1. Why did Pennsylvania become known for religious tolerance during the colonial period?
2. What role did Philadelphia play in the founding of the United States?
3. How did Pennsylvania's economy change from the 18th century to the 20th century?
4. Why was Pennsylvania important during the World Wars?

Glossary

• Quaker: A member of the Religious Society of Friends, known for principles of peace and equality.
• Bastion: A stronghold or fortified place; here, a center for certain values.
• Diplomat: A person representing a country in foreign affairs.
• Manufacturing: The process of making goods using machinery.

Pennsylvania History Timeline

• 1600s: Swedish and Dutch settlers establish early communities.
• 1681: William Penn receives land grant and establishes Pennsylvania.
• 1682: Philadelphia founded as the colony’s capital.
• 1701: Charter of Privileges guarantees religious freedom.
• 1776: Declaration of Independence signed in Philadelphia.
• 1787: U.S. Constitution drafted and signed in Philadelphia.
• 1790: Philadelphia becomes the U.S. capital (temporarily).
• 1800s: Pittsburgh rises as a steel industry hub.
• 1863: Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War.
• 1900s: Growth in manufacturing of textiles and machinery.
• 1917-1945: Pennsylvania supports both World Wars with production and troops.
• 1950s: Decline of heavy industry begins; service sector grows.
• 2000s: Pennsylvania develops technology and healthcare industries.