Introduction

Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (1837–1921) was an American politician and civil rights leader who became the first African American to serve as a governor of a U.S. state. He also served in the Louisiana State Senate and was a prominent advocate for civil rights and social justice.

Early Life and Education

Pinchback was born into slavery in Georgia, but his mother was a free woman of color. He was educated in Ohio and later moved to Louisiana, where he became involved in politics. He joined the Republican Party and was elected to the Louisiana State Senate in 1868, becoming one of the first African Americans to serve in that body.

Governorship and Achievements

In 1872, Pinchback became the governor of Louisiana, making him the first African American to hold that position. He served as governor for just 35 days, but during that time, he made significant strides in promoting civil rights and social justice. He appointed several African Americans to high-ranking positions in state government and worked to increase funding for public schools and to improve infrastructure and public services.

Legacy and Continued Advocacy

Despite his short tenure as governor, Pinchback's legacy as a trailblazing politician and civil rights leader continued to inspire generations of activists and advocates for social justice. He remained active in politics and continued to fight for the rights of African Americans throughout his life.

Business and Philanthropy

In addition to his political career, Pinchback was also a successful businessman and philanthropist. He founded several companies and worked to promote economic development and job creation in Louisiana and other parts of the country. He also donated generously to charitable organizations and supported efforts to provide education and healthcare to underserved communities.

Discussion Questions

1. Why was Pinchback's short time as governor still important in history?
2. How did Pinchback help African Americans while he was in office?
3. What challenges do you think Pinchback faced as a Black leader during Reconstruction?
4. How did Pinchback’s work as a businessman and philanthropist support his beliefs?