Introduction

Samuel Tilden (1814–1886) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician who played a significant role in the politics of the 19th century. He is best known for his role in the disputed presidential election of 1876.

Early Life and Education

Born in New York City, Tilden was educated at Yale University and became a successful lawyer. He became involved in politics in the 1840s and was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1846. Tilden was a member of the Democratic Party and was known for his reformist views on government and business.

Political Rise

Tilden became a leading figure in the Democratic Party in the 1850s and 1860s. He was a vocal opponent of the expansion of slavery into new territories and was a supporter of Abraham Lincoln's efforts to preserve the Union during the Civil War.

Anti-Corruption Efforts

After the war, Tilden became involved in the fight against corruption in New York politics. He led a successful campaign against the Tammany Hall political machine, which had long been associated with corruption and fraud.

The Election of 1876

In 1876, Tilden ran for president as the Democratic candidate. He won the popular vote but lost the electoral vote to Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes in a highly contested election. Tilden and his supporters alleged voter fraud and challenged the results of the election, but ultimately a compromise was reached in which Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.

Later Influence

Despite his loss in the presidential election, Tilden remained an influential figure in Democratic politics. He continued to advocate for reform and transparency in government and was a key supporter of civil service reform.

Philanthropy and Legacy

Tilden was also a philanthropist and a supporter of the arts. He donated millions of dollars to support public libraries and museums, and his collection of art and rare books formed the basis of the New York Public Library.

Discussion Questions

1. Why was the election of 1876 so controversial?
2. How did Samuel Tilden try to fight corruption in New York?
3. What was the effect of the compromise that ended the 1876 election?
4. How did Tilden help support education and culture after his political career?